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◼️There are three main parts to the history of India. Ancient age, medieval age and modern age.
▪️Ancient age.
Indus culture.
Remains of this civilization were found while excavating in Larkhana district of Sindh in search of ancient civilizations in the 19th century. Remains of this culture have been found in India from lothal, Rangpur, Dholavira and ropark.
Specifications.
There will be a systematic and vigilant monarchy interested in the welfare of the people. Wheat, rice, milk and fish were the staple food, cotton and woolen garments, silver, gold and copper ornaments were used. Stone weapons, agriculture, hunting, fishing and animal husbandry were the main means of livelihood. The town formation was planned. There was a two-storey brick building and a sewer system.
▪️Vedic Aryans.
The Aryans first settled in the Punjab in the Saptasindhu region and then in the Ganges and Yamuna regions.
▪️Specifications.
Raja ruled the village through village life, meetings and committees. There were three chief officers named Purohit, Senani and Grameen. The practice of joint family was prevalent. The father was the head of the family. The position of women was very high and respected. He worked in agriculture, hunting, carpentry and blacksmithing.
▪️Magadha reign.
There were major rulers like bimbisar, ajatshatru, shishunaga, mahapadma ananda and dhananda. Their chief capital was Pataliputra.
▪️Maurya era. Chandragupta ruled as Maurya, Bindusara and Emperor Ashoka. This state had a lot of specifics. Chandragupta can be considered as the first national king of the country. His espionage system was very organized. Chandraguptas political advisor Chanakya wrote a book called Arthashastra.
▪️The Gupta Age.
The Gupta age was the area from the Brahmaputra river Yamuna and the Himalayas to the Narmada. Chandragupta I, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya ruled. These states had a lot of key features. The golden age of ancient India, the judiciary flourished, the burden on agriculture was lessened, trade with foreign countries, the golden age of Sanskrit literature, architecture and art made unparalleled progress.
◼️Medieval era.
Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi. Mahmud Ghaznavi invaded India seventeen times. In 108, he attacked and looted the Somnath temple in Gujarat.
Muhammad Ghori. Founder of the Muslim Sultanate in India, gained territory from Delhi to Ajmer. In the first battle of Tarai, Prithviraj defeated Muhammad Ghori.
Khalji dynasty.
Alauddin Khalji was the ruler of religion. Proud to persecute Hindus. He conquered Gujarat, Malwa and Rajasthan.
tuglak vansh.
The capital moved Delhi to Dolatabad in the south and after some time made Delhi the capital again. Implemented copper coins. It was during this time that the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta came to India. His time was a time of peace and prosperity, he built five canals.
Lodi dynasty.
Bihar and West Bengal were conquered. The capital was shifted from Delhi to Agra. The first battle of Panipat took place between King Babur of Kabul and ibrahim lodi. Babur defeated ibrahim lodi and established the Mughal Empire in Delhi.
Vijayanagar Empire.
The state of Vijayanagar was established in 13th Vijayanagar, south of Tungabhadra river. Both Harihar and Bukka brothers inspired the school to establish the state of Swami Vijayanagar. There was an influential ruler named Krishnadevaraya in this town.
End of Delhi rule.
After Feroze Shah Tughlaq, the power of Delhi government weakened. Time Ray invaded and looted Delhi. Then the Syed dynasty came to power. Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi was invaded and defeated in 1526 by Babur, the ruler of Kabul, Afghanistan. With the defeat of ibrahim in the plains of Panipat, the Sultanate era came to an end and Mughal rule began.
Mughal rule.
Within the Mughal rule, rulers like Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah Suri, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Orangzeb ruled over India.
◼️Rise of British rule in India.
The British East India Company was founded in 1600 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth of England. The British first established a fort at Surat.
The British started trade on the banks of the river Hooghly. The British built forts under the pretext of protection. Permission was granted from Orangzeb to trade without taxes. English merchants traded individually but did not pay taxes.
Battle of Plassey.
The Battle of Plassey laid the foundation for power in India by the Company.
The Battle of Buxar.
The battle between mir kasim and the British was won by the British. Thus the British gradually increased their power over India and enslaved the Indian people.
In the time of the British, the condition of the peasants was very bad. During this period very high taxes were levied on agriculture.
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